Clinical significance of immunotherapy-associated oxidative stress gene expression in lung adenocarcinoma and its relationship with immune cell infiltration and drug sensitivity / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：探究肺腺癌中与免疫治疗相关氧化应激基因（IROSG）及其与肿瘤组织免疫浸润和患者预后的关系。方法：从TCGA数据库和GEO数据库下载肺腺癌患者IROSG表达数据及相关临床信息。对非小细胞肺癌免疫治疗队列进行差异基因表达分析以获取免疫治疗相关基因，然后与从GeneCards数据库筛选的氧化应激相关基因取交集得到IROSG。基于得到的IROSG对肺腺癌患者进行分型，对亚型的差异表达基因进行单因素COX、LASSO和多因素COX回归分析以构建预后模型。使用模型公式计算每个患者的风险评分，并将患者划分为高、低风险组。从多个层面验证模型的预测效能，并进行肿瘤微环境（TME）分析、免疫治疗反应预测和药物敏感性分析。结果：通过数据库分析获取82个IROSG，IROSG高表达的肺腺癌患者预后较好（P<0.05）。基于IROSG表达水平分型和风险评分构建的肺腺癌患者预后模型预测能力好，基于风险评分和病例特征等预后因子构建的列线图和校正曲线能较好地预测肺腺癌患者的总生存率。低风险组主要富集于同种异体移植物排斥和自身免疫性疾病等通路，而高风险组主要富集在细胞周期和DNA复制等通路上，且低风险组肺腺癌组织中免疫细胞浸润水平较高。高、低风险评分结合肿瘤突变负荷（TMB）、TME、肿瘤免疫功能障碍和排斥（TIDE）评分和免疫检查点分子表达水平能较好地预测肺腺癌患者预后、免疫治疗反应和对化疗药物的敏感性。结论：本研究构建了一个可以预测肺腺癌患者预后和免疫治疗反应的模型，可为肺腺癌患者个体化治疗提供了理论依据。

Epidemiological characteristics of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and pre-extensively drug resistant tuberculosis in Changsha, 2018-2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To understand the situation of drug-resistant tuberculosis screening and epidemiological characteristics of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and pre-extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB) in Changsha, in order to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of drug-resistant tuberculosis prevention and control in the city. Methods　Demographic information and drug susceptibility date of etiologically positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Changsha from 2018 to 2021 were collected, the successful rate of resistance screening, incidence and tendency in MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB in patients included in this study were statistically analyzed accordingly. 　　Results From 2018 to 2021, the successful screening rates were 86.2%, 87.7%, 81.9% and 71.5% for MDR-TB and 82.2%, 84.8%, 76.9% and 68.2% for pre-XDR-TB, respectively. In each year, MDR-TB patients identified accounted for 7.6% (101/1 222), 6.5%(124/1 774), 6.6%(110/1 555) and 6.3%(99/1 478), and pre-XDR-TB patients identified accounted for 3.6%(46/1 219), 3.8%(69/1 766), 4.4%(69/1 495) and 4.6%(69/1 436), correspondingly. The incidence of MDR-TB showed a slowly downward trend, while the incidence of pre-MDR-TB showed a slowly upward trend, with neither decreasing nor increasing trends being statistically significant (（χ2=1.947，0.806，P>0.050). The incidence of MDR-TB in the retreatment failure population was 66.6% (2/3), and the others, failure initial treatment and recrudescence populations were 23.5% (19/81), 16.7% (2/12) and 15.2% (70/461), respectively. Similar to the incidence above, the incidence of pre-XDR-TB was 16.7% (2/12) among patients who failed in initial treatment, and 12.2% (9/74), 9.8% (43/439), and 4.5% (2/44) among the others, recrudescence and returned patients, respectively. The incidence rates of MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB in different populations were significantly different (χ2=117.600，59.030，P<0.05). Conclusions There are still areas for improvement in tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance system in Changsha. On the premise of paying attention to patients in retreatment failure, other, initial treatment failure and relapse patients, high sensitivity molecular drug susceptibility testing, and scientifically efficient screening strategies must be explored.

Genetic sequence characteristics of varicella-zoster virus epidemic strains in Changchun City from 2021 to 2022 / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To identify the genotypes and analyze the molecular characteristics of varicella-zoster virus(VZV)endemic strains in Changchun from 2021 to 2022.Methods A total of 59 patients with varicella or herpes zoster treated in China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University in Changchun from 2021 to 2022 were selected as the research objects,which were identified for the serum VZV-specific antibodies by fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen(FAMA)method.The viral DNA was extracted from herpetic fluid of the confirmed patients,and multiple open reading frames(ORFs)including ORF1,ORF12,ORF16,ORF17,ORF21,ORF22,ORF37,and ORF54 of VZV were amplified by PCR,which was genotyped according to the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of the ORFs.Furthermore,multiple ORFs,ORF38,ORF54 and ORF62 were identified by using restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)to distinguish clinical strains and vaccine strains.Results 59 serum samples were positive,indicating that all the patients were infected with VZV.Among the 59 clinical samples,4 samples were completely matched with Clade 2 genotype,4 samples showed 2 SNPs,including ORF1(SNP790)mutation of C→A and ORF12(SNP18 082)mutation of T→C,and 51 samples showed ORF12(SNP18 082)mutation of T→C.All 59 VZV clinical isolates were PstⅠ+BglⅠ+BglⅠ+SmaⅠ+SmaⅠ-,which was different from the vaccine strain PstⅠ-,which was different from the vaccine strain PstⅠ-BglⅠ-BglⅠ+SmaⅠ+SmaⅠ+.Conclusion All the VZV endemic strains in Changchun from 2021 to 2022 were Clade 2 genotype,and no vaccine strain was found to be pathogenic.

Analysis of clinicopathological and molecular abnormalities of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinicopathological features, molecular changes and prognostic factors in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL).@*METHODS@#Sixty-one cases AITL diagnosed by Department of Pathology of Peking University Cancer Hospital were collected with their clinical data. Morphologically, they were classified as typeⅠ[lymphoid tissue reactive hyperplasia (LRH) like]; typeⅡ[marginal zone lymphoma(MZL)like] and type Ⅲ [peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not specified (PTCL-NOS) like]. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the presence of follicular helper T-cell (TFH) phenotype, proliferation of extra germinal center (GC) follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), presence of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS)-like cells and large B transformation. The density of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) + cells was counted with slides stained by Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization on high power field (HPF). T-cell receptor / immunoglobulin gene (TCR/IG) clonality and targeted exome sequencing (TES) test were performed when necessary. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#Morphological subtype (%): 11.4% (7/61) cases were classified as type Ⅰ; 50.8% (31/61) as type Ⅱ; 37.8% (23/61) as type Ⅲ. 83.6% (51/61) cases showed classical TFH immunophenotype. With variable extra-GC FDC meshwork proliferation (median 20.0%); 23.0% (14/61) had HRS-like cells; 11.5% (7/61) with large B transformation. 42.6% (26/61) of cases with high counts of EBV. 57.9% (11/19) TCR+/IG-, 26.3% (5/19) TCR+/IG+, 10.5% (2/19) were TCR－/IG－, and 5.3% (1/19) TCR－/IG+. Mutation frequencies by TES were 66.7% (20/30) for RHOA, 23.3% (7/30) for IDH2 mutation, 80.0% (24/30) for TET2 mutation, and 33.3% (10/30) DNMT3A mutation. Integrated analysis divided into four groups: (1) IDH2 and RHOA co-mutation group (7 cases): 6 cases were type Ⅱ, 1 case was type Ⅲ; all with typical TFH phenotype; HRS-like cells and large B transformation were not found; (2) RHOA single mutation group (13 cases): 1 case was type Ⅰ, 6 cases were type Ⅱ, 6 cases were type Ⅲ; 5 cases without typical TFH phenotype; 6 cases had HRS-like cells, and 2 cases with large B transformation. Atypically, 1 case showed TCR－/IG－, 1 case with TCR－/IG+, and 1 case with TCR+/IG+; (3) TET2 and/or DNMT3A mutation alone group (7 cases): 3 cases were type Ⅱ, 4 cases were type Ⅲ, all cases were found with typical TFH phenotype; 2 cases had HRS-like cells, 2 cases with large B transformation, and atypically; (4) non-mutation group (3 cases), all were type Ⅱ, with typical TFH phenotype, with significant extra-GC FDC proliferation, without HRS-like cells and large B transformation. Atypically, 1 case was TCR－/IG－. Univariate analysis confirmed that higher density of EBV positive cell was independent adverse prognostic factors for both overall survival (OS) and progression free survival(PFS), (P=0.017 and P=0.046).@*CONCLUSION@#Pathological diagnoses of ALTL cases with HRS-like cells, large B transformation or type Ⅰ are difficult. Although TCR/IG gene rearrangement test is helpful but still with limitation. TES involving RHOA, IDH2, TET2, DNMT3A can robustly assist in the differential diagnosis of those difficult cases. Higher density of EBV positive cells counts in tumor tissue might be an indicator for poor survival.

Clinicopathological features and prognosis of anorectal melanoma: A report of 68 cases / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of anorectal mucosal melanoma (ARMM), and to evaluate the prognostic factors.@*METHODS@#A total of 68 primary ARMM surgical specimens from 2010 to 2018 were retrospectively studied. Slides were reviewed to evaluate pathological features. Slingluff staging method was used for staging.@*RESULTS@#(1) Clinical features: The median age at diagnosis in this group was 61.5 years, with a male-to-female ratio 1 ∶1.62. The most common complaint was blooding (49 cases). For anatomic site, anorectum was the prevalent (66.2%), followed by rectum (20.6%). At the time of diagnosis, 28 cases were stage Ⅰ (localized stage, 41.2%), 25 cases were stage Ⅱ (regional lymph node metastasis, 36.8%), and 15 cases were stage Ⅲ (distant metastasis, 22.1%). Five patients underwent wide local excision, the rest abdominoperineal resection, and 48 patients received adjuvant therapy after surgery. (2) Pathological features: Grossly 88.2% of the tumors were exophytic polypoid masses, with the median tumor size 3.5 cm and the median tumor thickness 1.25 cm. Depth of invasion below lamina muscularis mucosae ranged from 0-5.00 cm (median 1.00 cm). The deepest site of tumor invasion reached muscular layer in 27 cases, and perirectal tissue in 16 cases. Melanin pigmentation was absent or not obvious in 67.6% of the cases. The predominant cytology was epithelioid (45 cases, 66.2%). The rate for ulceration, necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion was 89.7%, 35.3%, 55.9%, and 30.9%, respectively. The median mitotic count was 18/mm2. The positive rate of S100, HMB-45 and Melan-A were 92.0%, 92.6% and 98.0%, respectively. The median of Ki-67 was 50%. The incidences of mutations within CKIT, BRAF and NRAS genes were 17.0% (9 cases), 3.8% (2 cases) and 9.4% (5 cases), respectively. (3) Prognosis: Survival data were available in 66 patients, with a median follow-up of 17 months and a median survival time of 17.4 months. The 1-year, 2-year and 5-year overall survival rate was 76.8%, 36.8% and 17.2%, respectively. The rate of lymphatic metastasis at diagnosis was 56.3%. Forty-nine patients (84.5%) suffered from distant metastasis, and the most frequent metastatic site was liver. Univariate analysis revealed that tumor size (>3.5 cm), depth of invasion below lamina muscularis mucosae (>1.0 cm), necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, BRAF gene mutation, lack of adjuvant therapy after surgery, deep site of tumor invasion, and high stage at diagnosis were all poor prognostic factors for overall survival. Multivariate model showed that lymphovascular invasion and BRAF gene mutation were independent risk factors for lower overall survival, and high stage at diagnosis showed borderline negative correlation with overall survival.@*CONCLUSION@#The overall prognosis of ARMM is poor, and lymphovascular invasion and BRAF gene mutation are independent factors of poor prognosis. Slingluff staging suggests prognosis effectively, and detailed assessment of pathological features, clear staging and genetic testing should be carried out when possible. Depth of invasion below lamina muscularis mucosae of the tumor might be a better prognostic indicator than tumor thickness.

Occupational protection effect of two protective devices for manual cleaning and oiling of dental handpieces on operators / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the occupational protective effect of different protective devices on the operators during manual cleaning and oiling of dental handpieces, and to provide a basis for the selection of appropriate protective methods. Methods: From November 2020 to December 2021, 20 high-speed dental handpieces of the same brand were selected and randomly divided into disposable protective bag group and small aerosol safety cabinet group by drawing lots, with 10 in each group. After recording the model, they were distributed to the clinical fixed consulting room for use, and were collected by specially-assigned personnel every day for manual cleaning under the protection of the two devices. By measuring the number of airborne colonies, the concentrations of particulate matter and the satisfaction of operators, the occupational protection effect of the two protective devices on operators was evaluated. Results: Under the protection of the two devices, the average number of airborne colonies after operation was less than 1 CFU/ml. When no protective device was used, the number concentration of particulate matter produced during operation was (21595.70±8164.26) pieces/cm(3). The number concentrations of particles produced by disposable protective bag group [ (6800.24±515.05) pieces/cm(3)] and small aerosol safety cabinet group [ (5797.15±790.50) pieces/cm(3)] were significantly lower than those without any protective device (P<0.001). The number concentration of particle matter of small aerosol safety cabinet group was significantly lower than that of disposable protective bag group (P<0.001). In the satisfaction evaluation of operators, small aerosol safety cabinet group [ (3.53±0.82) points] was significantly better than disposable protective bag group [ (2.23±1.10) points] (P<0.001) . Conclusion: The use of small aerosol safety cabinet during manual cleaning and oiling of dental handpieces has good protective effect, superior safety performance and strong clinical applicability, and has advantages in occupational protection of clinical operators.

Advances in comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment for burning mouth syndrome / 口腔疾病防治

@#Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral and facial pain disorder characterized by burning pain in the oral mucosa, with multiple pathogenic factors including psychosocial, neuropathological, endocrine, and immune factors. There is still a lack of effective treatment options that have been demonstrated to work. With the development of research on the pathogenesis and treatment of BMS, multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment has gradually been introduced and become a new trend of diagnosis and treatment. Before multidisciplinary treatment, it is necessary to go through a full and comprehensive diagnosis and analysis, select the best comprehensive treatment plan, take the diagnosis and treatment of stomatology as the basis and premise, and apply other multidisciplinary combined treatment, including the treatment of concurrent diseases, psychological interventions, correction of bad habits, etc. A combination of laser therapy and psychological intervention is a more effective treatment method among the current treatment methods, with high comfort and good acceptance by patients. If necessary, mecobalamin tablets, clonazepam α-lipoic acid and other drugs can be used to nourish nerves and provide symptomatic treatment. The comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment of BMS is expected to become a new trend and provide a new strategy for improving the therapeutic effect.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and recurrent respiratory tract infection in children / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the risk factors of mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection and recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) in children, and to provide reference for early clinical intervention. Methods A total of 648 RRTI children admitted to our hospital from October 2018 to December 2020 were selected. Serum MP antibody levels were detected by semi-quantitative method. According to whether the children were combined with mycoplasma infection, they were divided into experimental group (MP positive, n=283) and control group (MP negative, n=365). Age, gender, body mass index, nutrient deficiency, preterm birth, anemia, onset season, collective living, antibiotics application were collected from the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of MP infection in RRTI children. Results Among of 648 RRTI children, 283 (43.67%) had MP infection. There was no statistical significance in MP infection of pneumonia in children of different ages and genders between the two groups (P>0.05).There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in nutrient deficiency, onset season, length of hospital stay, days of fever, group living, application of antibiotics and invasive operation (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the onset season, length of hospital stay, group living were independent risk factors for MP infection in RRTI children (P<0.05). Conclusion The risk of MP infection in RRTI children is higher, and the main risk factors are onset season, length of hospital stay, group living and application of antibiotics.

Diagnosis Significance of the Levels of Cytokines IL-6, IL-10 and CXCL-13 in Cerebrospinal Fluid for Central Nervous System Infiltration of Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the diagnostic value of the expression levels of cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and chemokine （C-X-C motif） ligand-13 (CXCL-13) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for central nervous system infiltration of lymphoma.@*METHODS@#Forty patients diagnosed as lymphoma or acute lymphoblastic leukemia in General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from July 2020 to July 2021 were collected and recorded their CSF indexes, including pressure, protein, Pandy test, nucleated cell count, glucose and chlorine content in CSF. The levels of cytokines IL-6, IL-10 and CXCL-13 were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.@*RESULTS@#The patients were divided into CNSI (central nervous system infiltration) group and non-CNSI group, the average levels of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL-13 and IL-10/IL-6 ratio in CNSI group were higher than those in non-CNS group, but the difference of IL-10/IL-6 ratio between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Then the patients were divided into protein elevated(n=14) group and protein normal group(n=26), the levels of IL-6 ［ (5.78±2.69) pg/ ml］ and CXCL-13 ［(0.83±0.59) pg/ml］ in protein elevated group were significantly higher than those in the protein normal group ［IL-6: (2.41±1.16) pg/ml; CXCL-13: (0.38±0.18) pg/ml］ (P<0.05). Further analysis of the expression levels of the cytokines in non-CNSI group (n=32), IL-6, IL-10, CXCL-13 level and IL-10/IL-6 ratio in the protein elevated group (n=12) were higher than those in the protein normal group (n=20), but the difference was not statistically significant.@*CONCLUSION@#The levels of IL-6, IL-10 and CXCL-13 in CSF of lymphoma patients with CNS infiltration were higher than those in non-CNS infiltration group, and those in patients with protein elevated group are higher than those in the protein normal group.

Clinical effect evaluation of immediate implant and immediate restoration with socket-shield technique in aesthetic area: a retrospective study with up to 5-year follow-up / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of socket-shield technique for 5 years after immediate implantation and immediate restoration in aesthetic area. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted between July, 2013 and July, 2020. A total of 29 patients, with 34 implants, who received immediate implantation and immediate restoration with socket-shield technique in the esthetic zone in Department of Fourth Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were included in this study. The implants survival rate, complications and the pink esthetic score (PES) were evaluated (60.2±26.7) months (13-101 months) after operation. The digital models before treatment and at the final follow-up were obtained, to measure the changes of soft tissue. The labial alveolar bone recession was measured by cone-beam CT. Results: All 34 implants survived during follow-up. The PES was (12.80±1.05), there was no significant difference in PES scores between dental positions (F=1.77, P=0.150). The gingival margin recession was (0.12±0.09) mm, and labial contour change at 2 mm apical to the gingival zenith was (0.45±0.17) mm. The labial alveolar bone recession was (0.14±0.46) mm. Conclusions: Immediate implant with socket-shield technique could maintain the gingival margin and labial alveolar bone, and preserve the soft tissue contour well to achieve good esthetic outcome.

Quality evaluation of Commelina communis from different origins based on multicomponent content determination combined with chemometrics / 中国中药杂志

This research established a high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, and isovitexin in Commelina communis to conduct content difference analysis and quality evaluation of 62 batches of C. communis from different origins. The HPLC content determination was performed on a Dikma Platisil ODS chromatographic column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid(14∶86) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was set at 348 nm, the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min~(-1), and the column temperature was 35 ℃. The differences in origins and quality of 62 batches of C. communis were studied by chemometrics. The results showed that the determination of four components mani-fested a good linear relationship in the range of mass concentration(r>0.999 9), and the average recovery rate was 96.17%-103.0%. The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of precision, stability, and repeatability were all less than 2.0%. The content of four components from high to low was isoorientin>isovitexin>orientin>vitexin. Forty-seven batches of C. communis with clear origins were classified into six categories by chemometrics. C. communis from different origins had different qualities. Generally, C. communis from Western China, Central China, and South of China had superior qualities. The HPLC method established in this study is specific, simple, and efficient, which provides references for the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of C. communis. The chemometrics shows that the qualities of C. communis from different origins are largely different. Isoorientin can be used as an index to determine the content of C. communis, and its content limit should be set no less than 0.023%.

Tissue distribution of Qingfei Paidu Decoction based on HPLC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

The tissue distribution of Qingfei Paidu Decoction was studied by HPLC-MS/MS in vivo. Hypersil GOLD C_(18) column(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.9 μm) was used for gradient elution with acetonitrile as the mobile phase A and 0.1% formic acid solution as the mobile phase B. High-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ion scanning mode and multiple response monitoring(MRM) mode was employed to analyze the behaviors of the active components of Qingfei Paidu Decoction in diffe-rent tissues. The results showed that 19, 9, 17, 14, 22, 19, 24, and 2 compounds were detected in plasma, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, large intestine, and brain, respectively. The compounds belonged to 8 groups, covering 14 herbs in the prescription. After administration with Qingfei Paidu Decoction, the compounds were rapidly distributed in various tissues, especially in the lung, liver, large intestine, and kidney. The majority of the compounds displayed secondary distribution. This study comprehensively analyzed the distribution rules of the main active components in Qingfei Paidu Decoction and provided a basis for the clinical application.

Reporting and methodological quality of meta-analyses of acupuncture for patients with migraine: A methodological investigation with evidence map / 中西医结合学报

BACKGROUND@#Acupuncture has been widely used to relieve migraine-related symptoms. However, the findings of previous systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) are still not completely consistent. Their quality is also unknown, so a comprehensive study is needed.@*OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the reporting and methodological quality of these MAs concerning acupuncture for migraine, and summarize evidence about the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for migraine.@*SEARCH STRATEGY@#PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Databases, Wanfang Data, and VIP databases were searched from inception to September 2020, with a comprehensive search strategy.@*INCLUSION CRITERIA@#The pairwise MAs of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning migraine treated by acupuncture or acupuncture-based therapies, with a control group that received sham acupuncture, medication, no treatment, or acupuncture at different acupoints were included.@*DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS@#Two independent investigators screened studies, extracted relevant data, and assessed reporting and methodological quality using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009 and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2), then all results were cross-checked. Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between reporting and methodological quality scores.@*RESULTS@#A total of 20 MAs were included in this study. The included MAs indicated that acupuncture was efficacious and safe in preventing and treating migraine when compared with control intervention. There was a high correlation between reporting and methodological quality scores (rs = 0.87, P < 0.001). The quality of the included SRs needs to be improved mainly with regard to protocol and prospective registration, using a comprehensive search strategy, summarizing the strength of evidence body for key outcomes, a full list of excluded studies with reasons for exclusion, reporting of RCTs' funding sources, and assessing the potential impact of risk of bias in RCTs on MA results.@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture is an effective and safe intervention for preventing and treating migraine, and could be considered as a good option for patients with migraine. However, the reporting and methodological quality of MAs included in this overview is suboptimal. In the future, AMSTAR 2 and PRISMA tools should be followed when making and reporting an SR with MA.

Clinical classification and treatment decision of implant fracture / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To propose a set of two-dimensional clinical classification of fractured implants based on the follow-up of fracturing pattern of implant body and peri-implant bone defect morphology of 32 fractrued implants, and summarize the treatment decisions of fractured implants according to this new set of classification, so as to provide guidance for clinical practice.@*METHODS@#During 25 years of clinical practice, clinical records of 27 patients of 32 fractured implants in 5 481 patients with 10 642 implants were made. The fracturing pattern of implant body, implant design, peri-implant bone defect morphology and treatment options were analyzed. A set of two-dimensional clinical classification based on the morphology and bone absorption of implant fracture was proposed. The treatment decision-making scheme based on the new classification of implant fracture was discussed.@*RESULTS@#In the new classification system, vertical fracture of implant neck (Type 1 of implant fracture morphology, F1) and horizontal fracture of implant neck (Type 2 of implant fracture morphology, F2) were common, accounting for 50% and 40.6% respectively, while deep horizontal fracture of implant body (Type 3 of implant fracture morphology, F3) (9.4%) were rare, while the three types of bone defects (D1, no bone defect or narrow infrabony defects; D2, wide 4-wall bone defects or cup-like defects, D3, wide 3-wall or 2-wall defects) around implants were evenly distributed. In the two-dimensional classification system of implant fracture, F1D1 (31.3%) and F2D2 (25%) were the most frequent. There was a significant positive correlation between F1 and D1 (r=0.592, P < 0.001), a significant positive correlation between F2 and D2 (r=0.352, P=0.048), and a significant negative correlation between F1 and D2 (r=-0.465, P=0.007). The most common treatment for implant fracture was implant removal + guided bone regeneration(GBR) + delayed implant (65.6%), followed by implant removal + simultaneous implant (18.8%). F1D1 type was significantly related to the treatment strategy of implant removal + simultaneous implantation (r=0.367, P=0.039). On this basis, the decision tree of implant fracture treatment was summarized.@*CONCLUSION@#The new two-dimensional classification of implant fracture is suitable for clinical application, and can provide guidance and reference for clinical treatment of implant fracture.

Evaluation and optimization of content determination method of Chrysanthemi Flos in Chinese Pharmacopoeia / 中国中药杂志

This study discovered that the resolution of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid(isochlorogenic acid A) in the content determination method of Chrysanthemi Flos in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(ChP)(2020 edition) was poor, which affected accurate quantification. We tested the method in ChP with chromatographic columns of seven brands to clarify the problems in the existing method, optimized the chromatographic conditions by adjusting the mobile phase composition and elution ratio and replacing the chromatographic column packing, and carried out the reproducibility assay for the new method. The two methods were compared for the content determination results of Chrysanthemi Flos prepared from six different varieties. As evaluated by the resolution based on different chromatographic columns of seven brands, the existing method failed to separate isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid D well. The peaks of the two components were not completely separated on three chromatographic columns, and isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid D generated a co-effluent peak in the other four columns. Isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid D could be completely separated under the optimized chromatographic conditions. The difference in the peak areas of isochlorogenic acid A+isochlorogenic acid D obtained by the optimized method and the method in ChP was not significant, with deviation less than 3.0%, which further proved that the result measured by the method in ChP was the co-effluent of isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid D. The optimized method can ensure the accurate quantification of isochlorogenic acid A. The existing content determination method of Chrysanthemi Flos has the problem of poor resolution. It is recommended to revise the chromatographic conditions for the content determination method of Chrysanthemi Flos to improve the resolution of isochlorogenic acid A and ensure its accurate quantification.

Establishment and comparison of three human multiple myeloma cell line transplantation models in mice / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To establish three types of xenotransplantation models using human myeloma cell lines ARP1, MM.1S, and NCI-H929 and to compare the proliferation, tumor load, and biological characteristics of the three types of cells after transplantation. Methods: Suspensions of human myeloma cell lines ARP1, MM.1S, and NCI-H929 were implanted into NOD/SCID mice by subcutaneous injection or tail vein injection. The survival of the mice was observed weekly, and the tumor load was measured. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of CD138(+) cells in tumor tissue or the mouse bone marrow. CD138(+) cells and light chains were detected by immunofluorescence. Light chains in bone marow and peipheral blood were measured by ELISA, and bone disease was assessed by micro-CT. Results: Mice injected with ARP1, MM.1S, and NCI-H929 cells all formed tumors subcutaneously in about 2 weeks. Immunofluorescence detection supported plasma cell tumors. Kappa light chains were detected in the peripheral blood of ARP1 mice on day 20 after tail vein transplantation (8.2±1.0 ng/ml) . After 6 weeks of tail vein transplantation, mice in the ARP1 group showed signs of weight loss, mental depression, and dragging legs, and human CD138(+)CD38(+) cells were detected in the bone marrow (BM) . Furthermore, bortezomib (BTZ) treatment given once the tumor was established significantly reduced the tumor burden[ (5.7±0.2) % vs (21.3±2.1) %, P<0.01]. Human CD138(+)CD38(+) cells were not detected in the BM of the MM.1S or NCI-H929 groups. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the mouse models constructed by the three cell lines (ARP1, MM.1S, and NCI-H929) can be used as models for the pathogenesis and clinical research of MM.

Expression and clinical significance of LncRNA HIF1A-AS1 in proliferative diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the expression and diagnostic value of long non-coding RNA(LncRNA)hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha antisense RNA 1(HIF1A-AS1)in serum of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS: A total of 160 patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR)admitted to our hospital from July 2019 to July 2021 were selected as the research objects. According to the degree of disease, they were divided into PDR group(80 cases)and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)group(80 cases). At the same time, 100 healthy cases in our hospital were selected as the control group. Detect and compare serum triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), fasting blood glucose(FBG)and the level of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c); The expression level of LncRNA HIF1A-AS1 in serum was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)method; Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors that affected the occurrence of PDR; Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was used to analyze the clinical value of LncRNA HIF1A-AS1 level in the diagnosis of PDR. RESULTS: The expression level of LncRNA HIF1A-AS1 in the serum of the patients in the PDR group was significantly higher than that in the NPDR group and the control group, and the NPDR group was higher than the control group(P&#x003C;0.05); The course of disease, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-C, FBG levels in the PDR group and the NPDR group were significantly higher than those of the control group, the HDL-C level in the PDR group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P&#x003C;0.05); The level of LncRNA HIF1A-AS1 was positively correlated with the course of disease, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-C and FBG(P&#x003C;0.05), and negatively correlated with HDL-C(P&#x003C;0.05); Logistic regression analysis showed that the LncRNA HIF1A-AS1, course of disease, FBG, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-C were all risk factors for PDR(P&#x003C;0.05); ROC results showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of the LncRNA HIF1A-AS1 level predicting PDR was 0.766(95%CI: 0.692～0.829), the corresponding sensitivity was 66.25% and the specificity was 78.75%.CONCLUSION: The level of LncRNA HIF1A-AS1 in the serum of PDR patients is up-regulated, it is a risk factor for the occurrence of PDR and it can be used as a potential serological indicator for predicting the occurrence of PDR.

Intervention Mechanism of Xiaoluowan on Experimental Goiter Rats Based on PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveBy observing the effect of Xiaoluowan on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 （mTORC1） pathway in experimental goiter rats， this study aims to explore its therapeutic effect on experimental goiter rats. MethodSixty 5-month-old SD rats of SPF grade were purchased， half males and half females， of which 10 were used as a normal group， and the remaining rats were administrated with propylthiouracil （PTU） solution to induce nodular goiter. After successful modeling， rats were randomly divided into a model group， levothyroxine sodium tablets group， Xiaoluowan low-dose group， medium-dose group， and high-dose group， ten rats each. The levothyroxine sodium tablets group was given 15 μg·kg-1 levothyroxine sodium tablets by gavage. The Xiaoluowan low-， medium-， and high-dose groups were given （ig） Xiaoluowan low-dose （10 g·kg-1）， medium-dose （20 g·kg-1）， and high-dose （30 g·kg-1） Xiaoluowan， and the normal group and model group were administered （ig） with the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Four weeks after the intervention， rats were sacrificed by routine intraperitoneal anesthesia using 5% phenobarbital. Subsequently， the histopathology was observed under a microscope， and serum thyroid hormone levels were measured using a Roche electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. Serum cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and neurotransmitters were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatograph. The protein level of PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathway was determined by Western blot. ResultAs compared with the normal group， the levels of basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF）， vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， insulin-like growth factor （IGF-1）， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， and thyroid stimulating hormone （TSH） were increased， and PI3K， Akt， and mTORC1 protein levels were up-regulated in the model group， while the levels of norepinephrine （NE）， triiodothyronine （T3）， tetraiodothyronine （T4）， free triiodothyronine （FT3）， and free thyroid hormone （FT4） were decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the levothyroxine sodium tablets group， and Xiaoluowan low-， medium-， and high-dose groups exhibited reduced levels of bFGF， VEGF， IGF-1， 5-HT， and TSH， and down-regulated PI3K， Akt， and mTORC1 protein levels， and increased NE， T3， T4， FT3， and FT4 levels （P<0.05）. ConclusionXiaoluowan may act on the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathway to play its role in the treatment of nodular goiter， and it is dose-dependent.

Using 16S rDNA Sequencing Technology to Preliminarily Analyze Intestinal Flora in Children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#We investigated changes in the intestinal flora of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).@*Methods@#Between September 2019 and November 2019, stool samples from 14 children with MPP from The Fourth Hospital of Baotou city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, were collected and divided into general treatment (AF) and probiotic (AFY) groups, according to the treatment of "combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus cereus tablets live". High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing was used to identify intestinal flora.@*Results@#Intestinal flora abundance and diversity in children with MPP were decreased. Both Shannon and Simpson indices were lower in the AF group when compared with healthy controls ( P < 0.05). When compared with healthy controls, the proportion of Enterorhabdus was lower in the AF group, while the proportion of Lachnoclostridium was higher ( P < 0.05). The proportion of Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia was lower in the AFY group but Enterococcus, Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, and Erysipelatoclostridium proportions were higher. The proportion of Escherichia coli- Shigella in the AFY group after treatment was decreased ( P < 0.05).@*Conclusions@#The intestinal flora of children with MPP is disturbed, manifested as decreased abundance and diversity, and decreased Bifidobacteria. Our probiotic mixture partly improved intestinal flora disorders.

Evaluation on the efficacy of moxifloxacin hydrochloride based on physiological pharmacokinetic models / 药学学报

This study is to establish and validation in vivo models of moxifloxacin based on the theory of physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK), and then to predict the distribution of moxifloxacin in human venous return and organ such as lung, spleen and so on. The efficacy of moxifloxacin and its pharmaceutical preparations were quantified by comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters with the minimum inhibitory concentration of related pathogenic bacterium. The results showed that the anti-infection efficacy of pharmaceutical moxifloxacin preparation in the corresponding organs was basically the same. The PBPK model of moxifloxacin preparations can be more accurately described the pharmacokinetic of anti-infective drugs in human, it is suitable for the efficacy evaluation of anti-infective drugs and provides a strong basis for the corresponding scientific research and scientific supervision.